In addition, cache locations and the raw material source locations of the feature contents can assist with research questions regarding mobility and settlement/subsistence strategies (among others). Unlike other site or feature types, the materials associated with these assemblages are not a result of discard, breakage during manufacture, or accidental loss, but represent a rare window into prehistoric toolkits where usable items within various stages of manufacture are stored for future use. Throughout North America, caches are recognized as an important feature type in prehistoric research. As of 2014, the expansion of PCMS is on hold, although there is no guarantee that base or military area expansion will not proceed in the future. Our research critically considers how the principal actors in this case-the US Army and a rural citizen opposition coalition-mobilized different narrative and political strategies based substantially upon contrasting cartographic representations to shape the debate and construct contested geographies of this space as military training ground versus open range. This prospect galvanized a diverse coalition of rural residents to oppose the Piñon Canyon expansion. Under the Army’s proposal, a significant portion of southeastern Colorado would be transformed into the largest Army training ground in the US. In 2006 the Army announced plans to expand the PCMS by 169 000 hectares. In 1983 Fort Carson expanded into a 95 500-hectare training area in southeastern Colorado known as the Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site (PCMS). Against the backdrop of a series of base realignments and closures during the past three decades that have streamlined US military holdings nationwide, the US Army base at Fort Carson, Colorado, has been growing. This paper examines how rural communities in Colorado have confronted military expansion.

Fort carson ranges avenza maps